Bacterial Factories: Metabolic Engineering
Azra AlınayT., Nida Dereli ÇalışkanE. Metabolic engineering, initially introduced to the literature by Jay Bailey in 1991, is defined as the enhancement of cellular activities through the manipulation of enzymatic, transport, and regulatory functions of the cell using...
CRISPR/Cas9 Based Gene Therapy
Ece OdabaşıT., Gülnur UzunE. The gene, which is the basic unit of heredity in living things, structurally contains the untranslated region (UTR), enhancer or silencer, and promoter areas at the 5' and 3' ends, and coding exons and non-coding introns between them. Gene...
Synthetic Biology: Extraordinarily Advanced Systems
Zehra Nur KoyuncuT., Nida Dereli ÇalışkanE. With the advancement of technology, there has been a tremendous expansion of scientific knowledge. This flow of information has led to the emergence of interdisciplinary fields such as "Synthetic Biology (SB)”. This...
Life, Space, and Future: Astroecology
Esma TopaloğluT., Gülnur UzunE. A multidisciplinary approach has become the main feature of scientific research that points to benefit from the diversity of information of complex systems on or outside of Earth, like biodiversity, ecological systems, and galaxies1....
RNA-based Therapeutics and The Future of RNA Therapy
Dilan AğırbaşA., Ebru KavaklıE. RNA therapy is a type of treatment that regulates biological pathways with RNA molecules to remedy a particular disease1. Manipulating gene expression and producing therapeutic proteins are fundamental functions of RNA therapies....
Stem Cell Technologies: Regenerative Medicine and Clinical Applications
Eslem EkemenT., Nida Dereli ÇalışkanE., Ebru KavaklıR. Stem cells are a group of cells that have the properties of differentiation, proliferation, and continuous self-renewal and can enable the production, repair, and regeneration of many tissues1-3. At the same time,...
The Concept of Exosomes and Their Therapeutic Potential
Elif AtayT., Gülnur UzunE. Exosomes classified as a subtype of extracellular vesicle (EV) and formed by endosomal way1-3, ~ have 30-150 nanometers (nm) diameter3-10 and spherical shape based on their scanning electron microscope (SEM)4,11-14; in addition, their...
From Mechanics to Tissue: Artificial Organ Design
Şehnaz Melisa AcarA., Tuğçe BinenE., Esra AvcıT., Gülnur UzunE. Although medical science is constantly making attempts to treat diseases that have serious and high mortality rates or reduce the quality of life, organ failure is one of the leading causes of death...
Model Organism Series I: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Their Usage Areas
Övgüm ÇolakoğluA., Nida DereliE. Introduction Model organisms can be utilized to comprehend particular biological processes and gather data that can bring light to how other organisms function. Many fish models have been used in the scientific world. Each fish species...
Cell Imaging: A Micro to Macro Adventure
Bensu Sıla Çelik T., Elif Duymaz E. Derived from the ancient Greek words micros (small) and skopein (seeing/looking), the microscope was invented in 1600 as an optical system that aims to make invisible cells and tissues visible1,2. Robert Hooke's first observations...