Cell Imaging: A Micro to Macro Adventure
Bensu Sıla Çelik T., Elif Duymaz E. Derived from the ancient Greek words micros (small) and skopein (seeing/looking), the microscope was invented in 1600 as an optical system that aims to make invisible cells and tissues visible1,2. Robert Hooke's first observations...
Viruses and Genetic Diversity
Zehra Nur KoyuncuT., Ebru KavaklıE. Genetic variation is the fundamental mechanism of evolution and provides a basis for organisms to overcome environmental challenges1. When these factors are considered, genetic variations essential for all biological systems are...
Paleogenetics: From Ancient Genomes to Modern Humans
Turna DemirciT. , Elif DuymazE. Paleogenetics is a new branch of science which focuses on ancient DNA (aDNA), genetic materials obtained from archaeological remains1,2. The aDNA was first isolated in 1984 by Higuchi and colleagues from a 150-year-old tissue belonging...
Overview of Deep Learning and Genomics Uses
Elif DuymazA.. , Fatma DuranE. Machine learning (ML) is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on developing algorithms capable of instantiating different aspects of human intelligence1. Initially proposed by McCulloch and Pitts and inspired by the...
Next Generation Folding Architecture: De Novo Protein Design
Minel CengizT., Elif DuymazE. Proteins, one of the four groups of macromolecules necessary for the continuation of life, are initially linear polypeptide chains called primary structure and formed by the combination of amino acids in a certain order. Proteins perform...
Migraine: Debilitating Neurological Disorder
Fatma Betül Tekiner A. Ebru Kavaklı E. Introduction Migraine is one of the most prevalent and incapacitating neurological disorders1 linked to triggers2. According to the results of the latest Global Burden of Disease survey, migraine continues to rank first...
The Complement System and Cancer
Ebru KavaklıA. , Nida Dereli ÇalışkanE., Şehnaz Melisa AcarR. Introduction The complement system is an ancient, well-conserved part of the innate immune system. Its main role is to clear invading pathogens and toxic compounds from the circulatory system and remove...
From Nature to Technology: Biomimetics and Its Applications
Şehnaz Melisa AcarT., Elif Nur ÖzcanE. The field of biomimicry, which can also be defined as the transfer of functions from nature to technology, is the source of new research in many different fields such as material science and architecture, computer science, and...
Classification of Viruses: RNA Viruses Reoviruses
Ebru KavaklıT., Nida Dereli ÇalışkanE., Damla PehlivanR. Introduction Reoviruses taxonomically belong to the Reoviridae family and the Sedovirinae subfamily. Their names are derived from the initials of Respiratory Enteric Orphan (REO) because they represent...
Luminous After Death: Retinal Revival
Ece OdabaşıY. , Elif DuymazE. The permanent loss of circulatory, respiratory, or cerebral activity is defined as death of peripheral human organs. Tissues of the central nervous system, except for many peripheral human organs, swiftly lose their viability when...